Microbiology is the science of small living organisms and deals with the wide occurrence of such organisms in soil, water and air. Being too small to be seen with unaided eyes, these organisms are termed as microorganisms. Microorganisms refer to express viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and some algae. Microorganisms are recognized as integral and functionally important components of diverse habitats, ranging from soil collectives to the human surroundings. Virtually microorganisms are omnipresent and are imposed on all aspects of life; therefore the science of microbiology has assumed a central position of great significance in biological science as whole.

Microbiology in general, has very diverse utility in agriculture, horticulture, animal sciences, fisheries and forestry and hence studied as a different branch termed as agriculture microbiology. A big number of harmful microorganisms called pathogens are responsible for majority of plant diseases. Large numbers of these microbial pathogens are routinely found in the soil, air and water and can infect the plant through the roots and leaves. Getting inside into the causes, mode of dissemination, prevalence and control of diseases requires basic understanding of microbiology under sub-discipline called plant pathology or phytopathology.

The soil represents a favourable environment for a diverse range of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, algae, viruses and protozoa and therefore these microorganisms are abundantly and sometime quite densely found in soil. On an approximation, generally per gram of soil encompasses almost one to ten million of microorganisms. Among all microorganisms, bacteria and fungi are the most prevalent. All these microorganisms interact with one another, the environment and with the soil to create constantly altering conditions.

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Microbiology: Current Research
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