Introduction

Cardiac tumors are abnormal growths in the heart or heart valves. There are many types of cardiac tumors. But, cardiac tumors, in general, are rare. The tumors can be cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign). Tumors that begin growing in the heart and stay there are called primary tumors. Tumors that start in another part of the body and move to the heart (metastasize) are called secondary tumors. Most cardiac tumors are benign. But even benign tumors can cause problems because of their size and location. Sometimes, small pieces of tumor fall into the bloodstream and are carried to distant blood vessels and get in the way of blood flow to vital organs (embolism).

Symptoms of cardiac tumors

• Difficulty breathing when lying flat or when asleep.
• Fainting, light headedness or dizziness.
• Palpitations or rapid heart rate.
• Chest pain or tightness in the chest.
• Fever or cough.
• Involuntary weight loss.
• Joint pain.
• Fingers that change color, or turn blue (Raynaud’s phenomenon), when pressure is applied.
• Nail curvature with enlargement of the finger’s soft tissue.
• Swelling of the legs, ankles, or abdomen.

Causes
Causes of tumors vary, but generally are thought to be the result of abnormal regulation of cell division. Immune system irregularities that are incapable of detecting and fighting aberrant growths can also lead to tumors. Radiation, certain viruses, extreme exposure to the sun, tobacco, poisonous mushrooms, and benzene can also cause tumors.

Prevention
By avoiding things that cause cancer, the risk of tumors can be greatly reduced, if not prevented. Do not smoke or use tobacco products. Reduce, limit or otherwise moderate heavy drinking, excessive exposure to the sun and radiation.

Cancer screenings can detect tumors at early, more treatable stages. Those tests may include mammograms for breast cancer, PAP smears for cervical cancer and colonoscopy for colon cancer.

Diagnosis

• Blood tests.
• Chest X-ray.
• Echocardiogram. An “echo” uses ultrasound waves to produce a moving picture of the heart and heart valves.
• Electrocardiogram. An ECG or EKG records the electrical activity of the heart and shows abnormal rhythms (arrhythmias or dysrhythmias).
• Cardiac catheterization. This test helps identify the type of tumor.
• Heart MRI. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, provides additional information for analysis.
• Tomography. A CT or CAT scan look for abnormalities.
• Coronary angiography. This test is not used often, but it can show an outline of a heart tumor that can be seen on X-rays.

Treatment

Removing a noncancerous primary heart tumor surgically is an option and results in the elimination of the tumor. Other surgical procedures may be possible to assist heart function for larger noncancerous primary heart tumors.

Primary cancerous tumors are likely to be treated with radiation or chemotherapy since they cannot be removed surgically. Sometimes drugs can be injected into the pericardial area of the heart to slow the tumor’s growth. Successful recovery is rare.

Conclusion

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Journal of Molecular Oncology Research

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