Ribosomes and function

Definition of Ribosomes:

“Ribosomes are most important cell organelles composed of RNA and protein that converts genetic code into chains of amino acids.”

A ribosome is a complex molecular machine found inside the living cells that produce proteins from amino acids during the process called protein synthesis or translation. The process of protein synthesis is a primary function, which is performed by all living cells.

Ribosomes are specialized cell organelles and found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Every living cell requires ribosomes for the production of proteins.

This cell organelle also functions by binding to a messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and decoding the information carried by the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA. The transfer RNAs (tRNAs) comprising amino acids, enter into the ribosome at the acceptor site. Once it gets bind up, it adds amino acid to the growing protein chain on tRNA.

Ribosomes Function

The important ribosome function includes:

• It assembles amino acid to form proteins that are essential to carry out cellular functions.
• The DNA produces mRNA by the process of DNA transcription.
• The mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and transported to the cytoplasm for the process of protein synthesis.
• The ribosomal subunits in the cytoplasm are bound around mRNA polymers. The tRNA then synthesizes proteins.
• The proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm are utilized in the cytoplasm itself, the proteins synthesized by bound ribosomes are transported outside the cell.